Other Phenylpropanoids

Rosmarinic acid is a widespread phenolic ester compound in the plants. Rosmarinic acid inhibits MAO-A, MAO-B and COMT enzymes with IC₅₀s of 50.1, 184.6 and 26.7 μM, respectively.

Chicoric acid (Cichoric acid), an orally active dicaffeyltartaric acid, induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Chicoric acid inhibits cell viability and induces mitochondria-dependent apoptosis in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes through ROS-mediated PI3K/Akt and MAPK signaling pathways. Chicoric acid increases glucose uptake, improves insulin resistance, and attenuates glucosamine-induced inflammation. Chicoric acid has antidiabetic properties and antioxidant, anti-inflammatory effects.

Lithospermic acid ((+)-Lithospermic acid) is a plant-derived polycyclic phenolic carboxylic acid isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza, and has the anti-oxidative and hepatoprotective activity on carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄)-induced acute liver damage in vitro and in vivo.

Geraniin is a TNF-α releasing inhibitor with numerous activities including anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and anti-hyperglycemic activities, with an IC₅₀ of 43 μM.

Cynarin is an antichoke agent with a variety of biological activities including antioxidant, antihistamic and antiviral activities.

(±)-10-Gingerol is the racemic form of 10-Gingerol (HY-N0448). 10-Gingerol is an AMPK agonist, which is found in the ginger oleoresin from fresh rhizome with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-proliferative activities. 10-Gingerol suppresses neointimal hyperplasia and inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. 10-Gingerol exhibits substantial scavenging activities with an IC₅₀ value of 10.47 μM against DPPH radical, an IC₅₀ value of 1.68 μM against superoxide radical and an IC₅₀ value of 1.35 μM against hydroxyl radical. 10-Gingerol inhibits the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 tumor cell line with an IC₅₀ of 12.1 μM. 10-Gingerol suppresses the proliferation, migration, invasion, and induced apoptosis through targeting the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in MDA-MB-231/IR cells. 10-Gingerol can be used in research on various common cancers such as ovarian cancer and colon cancer, as well as colitis and neurodegenerative diseases.

rel-(E)-6,7-Transdihydroxyligustilide is a compound found in the dried tuberous roots of Polygonum multiflorum. rel-(E)-6,7-Transdihydroxyligustilide inhibits Ca²⁺‑ATPase in calmodulin-deficient human erythrocyte membranes. rel-(E)-6,7-Transdihydroxyligustilide is used for the research of hyperlipidemia.

6'-O-trans-Caffeoylallicin (compound 1) is a phenolic glycoside found in the leaves of Alangium chinense.

1,3-Dicaffeoylquinic acid is a caffeoylquinic acid derivative that exhibits antioxidant activity and radical scavenging activity.

Ethyl cinnamate, an orally active chemical constituent of the rhizome of Kaempferia galanga, exhibits anti-cancer, nematocidal, sedative and vasorelaxant activities. Ethyl cinnamate is a fragrance ingredient used as a food flavor and additive for cosmetic products. Ethyl cinnamate is also an excellent clearing reagent for mammalian tissues. Ethyl cinnamate suppresses tumor growth through anti-angiogenesis by attenuating VEGFR2 signal pathway in colorectal cancer. Ethyl cinnamate inhibits the tonic contractions induced by high K+ and phenylephrine (PE) with respective IC₅₀ values of 0.30 mM and 0.38 mM in rat aorta.

Tubuloside B, one of the phenylethanoids isolated from the stems of Cistanche salsa, inhibits TNFα-induced apoptosis. Tubuloside B possesses antioxidative effects.

Sesamolin, isolated from Sesamum indicum, has antioxidative activity, Sesamolin inhibits lipid peroxidation and shows neuroprotection effect. Sesamolinl potently inhibits MAPK cascades by preventing phosphorylation of JNK, p38 MAPKs, and caspase-3 but not ERK-MAPK expression. Sesamolin is orally active.

Yangonin exhibits affinity for the human recombinant cannabinoid CB1 receptor with an IC₅₀ and a K_i of 1.79 μM and 0.72 μM, respectively.

Mevalonolactone is an intermediate metabolite in the eukaryotic mevalonate pathway, serving as the stable δ-lactone form of mevalonate with oral activity. Mevalonolactone exhibits binding affinity for ZNF384 (K_a = 12.6 μM) and inhibitory activity against aconitase (aconitase). Mevalonolactone promotes the nuclear localization of ZNF384 and enhances its binding to the GGPPS promoter. Mevalonolactone induces insulin resistance, disrupts glucose and lipid metabolism, enhances the isoprenylation of K-Ras, and inhibits the activation of the insulin signaling pathway. Mevalonolactone inhibits polypeptide synthesis of HMG-CoA reductase in isolated rat hepatocytes, promotes its degradation, and reduces its enzymatic activity. Mevalonolactone impairs mitochondrial function in rat brains. Mevalonolactone promotes the development of metabolically unhealthy obesity. Mevalonolactone can be used in research related to metabolically abnormal obesity, mevalonic aciduria, HMGCR-related limb-girdle myopathy, and statin-induced myopathy.

Rosmarinic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Rosmarinic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Rosmarinic acid is a widespread phenolic ester compound in the plants. Rosmarinic acid inhibits MAO-A, MAO-B and COMT enzymes with IC₅₀s of 50.1, 184.6 and 26.7 μM, respectively.

Methylsticin is a kavalactone isolated from the Piper methysticum . Methylsticin exhibit osteoclast formation inhibitory activity.

Desmethoxyyangonin is one of the six major kavalactones found in the Piper methysticum (kava) plant. Desmethoxyyangonin is a selective inhibitor of monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B) (IC₅₀: 0.123  µM). Desmethoxyyangonin exerts anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting Jak2/STAT3 and IKK signaling pathways. Desmethoxyyangonin induces CYP3A23 expression and leads to skeletal muscle relaxation.

5-Feruloylquinic acid (5-FQA) is a hydroxycinnamic acid derivative. 5-Feruloylquinic acid can be isolated from green coffee beans. 5-Feruloylquinic acid inhibits tyrosinase activity. 5-Feruloylquinic acid has antioxidant properties. 5-Feruloylquinic acid has anticancer activity against lymphoma, oral epidermal cancer, and breast cancer.

1,4-Dicaffeoylquinic acid (1,4-DCQA) is a phenylpropanoid compound that can be isolated from Xanthii fructus and an inhibitor of xanthine oxidase (IC₅₀: 7.36 μM). 1,4-Dicaffeoylquinic acid has anti-inflammatory activity and can inhibit the production of TNF-α induced by LPS (HY-D1056).

(+)-Kavain, a main kavalactone that can be extracted from Piper methysticum, has anticonvulsive properties, attenuating vascular smooth muscle contraction through interactions with voltage-dependent Na⁺ and Ca²⁺ channels. (+)-Kavain is shown to bind at the α4β2δ GABA_A receptor and potentiate GABA efficacy. (+)-Kavain is used as a treatment for inflammatory diseases, its anti-inflammatory action has been widely studied.